WebCytokines are important regulators of immune system and finding these genes in fish have potential applications for the development of vaccines and or immunostimulants for … WebAbstract. What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the induced effects of cytokine recombinant proteins, or have used loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish. Such studies begin to tell us about the role ...

The cytokine networks of adaptive immunity in fish

WebMay 1, 2024 · Group I IFNs appear to exist in all fish species, whereas group II IFNs are discovered only in certain species such as cyprinids, salmonids and perciform fish. It seems preferentially functional that group I IFNs signal through cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) 5 and CRFB1, while group II IFNs through CRFB5 and CRFB2. WebJan 7, 2024 · Assembly of inflammatory cytokines in fish with infection is triggered, subject to leukocyte mobilization. Activated T-helper cells with CD4 co-receptor, produces IL-2 and IFN-γ to encourage macrophage … how can we correctly quote someone

Biology Free Full-Text The Function of Fish Cytokines - MDPI

WebShanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. Fish immunology, cytokine, antiviral response, immune evolution. All members of the Editorial Board have identified their affiliated institutions or organizations, along with the corresponding country or geographic region. Elsevier remains neutral with regard to any jurisdictional claims. Other important cytokines in fish include the IL-12 subfamily molecules, IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (Zou and Secombes 2016). The function of fish IL-12 has been studied in two different paralogues of the p40 chain heterodimerized with a … See more Interleukin (IL) 1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in innate immunity. In addition to IL-1, around 100 types of IL are presently known in humans. Recent genomic studies have identified IL-1 as the … See more The molecules identified in humans which belong to the IL-6 cytokine family are IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). The IL-6 sub-family cytokines are … See more In the IL-2 family, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 are found in humans (Lin and Leonard 2024). IL-2, IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 have been reported in fish (Zou and Secombes 2016). As in … See more IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and IFN-γ are cytokines of the IL-10 family. In general, fish IL-10, similarly to mammalian orthologs, acts as a suppressor and exerts a conserved role in dampening inflammatory … See more WebNov 21, 2012 · Cytokines, which can be pro-inflammatory, regulatory, or antiinflammatory, are secreted by immune cells upon induction of the immune response (Reyes-Cerpa et al., 2012). how can we control or prevent soil pollution